La percentuale di statunitensi che vivono in povertà è aumentata da un minimo storico lo scorso anno, con 3,3 milioni di persone in più che si sono impoverite poiché le restrizioni di Covid-19 hanno spazzato via più di un decennio di guadagni economici.
Si stima che l’11,4% degli americani, ovvero circa 37,2 milioni di persone, vivesse al di sotto della soglia di povertà nel 2020, rispetto al 10,5% dell’anno precedente, secondo le stime pubblicate ieri dall’Ufficio del censimento degli Stati Uniti . Il reddito familiare medio è sceso del 2,9% a $ 67.521 all’anno, segnando il primo calo statisticamente significativo dal 2011.
La povertà negli Stati Uniti ha registrato una tendenza al ribasso per cinque anni consecutivi, compresi i primi tre anni dell’amministrazione del presidente Donald Trump, e ha raggiunto il livello più basso in sei decenni di registrazione nel 2019 nel tentativo di rallentare la diffusione del Covid-19.
In sole quattro settimane tra marzo e aprile 2020, circa 26 milioni di americani hanno perso il lavoro, superando i 22 milioni di posti di lavoro creati dal crollo economico del 2007-2009. Per tutto l’anno scorso, il numero di lavoratori a tempo pieno è crollato di circa 13,7 milioni, il più grande calo mai registrato, secondo il Census Bureau.
La soglia di povertà media negli Stati Uniti per una famiglia di quattro persone l’anno scorso era un reddito annuo di 26.496 dollari. Secondo il rapporto, nel 2020 circa il 14,8% delle famiglie americane con bambini, ovvero 5,6 milioni di famiglie, ha sofferto l’insicurezza alimentare, rispetto al 13,6% dell’anno precedente.
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Tuttavia, il Census Bureau ha osservato che quando sono stati presi in considerazione i sussidi governativi, compresi i controlli di stimolo Covid-19 e i sussidi di disoccupazione supplementari, meno americani vivevano effettivamente in povertà. La cosiddetta misura supplementare della povertà (SPM) è scesa al 9,1% nel 2020 dall’11,7% del 2019.
In effetti, lo scorso anno l’economia dipendeva così tanto dai controlli del governo che per la prima volta nella storia l’SPM era inferiore al tasso di povertà ufficiale. L’SPM include anche le spese necessarie – come tasse, premi dell’assicurazione sanitaria e costi per l’assistenza all’infanzia – quindi è normalmente superiore alla misura standard della povertà.
Con il governo federale che ha sostanzialmente pagato milioni di persone per rimanere a casa nel 2020, il debito nazionale degli Stati Uniti è salito a 19,6 trilioni di dollari. In altre parole, dalla fondazione del paese fino al 2019, Washington ha accumulato $ 16,8 trilioni di debiti, ma ci è voluto solo un anno per aggiungere altri $ 2,8 trilioni.
Ora che i sussidi supplementari di disoccupazione e i controlli di stimolo sono scaduti, l’economia statunitense rimane a 5,3 milioni di posti di lavoro in meno rispetto all’inizio della pandemia.
A dieci anni dall’entrata in vigore dell’Obamacare, 28 milioni di americani non hanno avuto copertura assicurativa sanitaria nel 2020, ha precisato il Census Bureau. Si stima che il 91,4% dei residenti negli Stati Uniti avesse una copertura per almeno una parte dell’anno.
Tratto da: L’Antidiplomatico
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