Uniper come Lufthansa; il governo tedesco pronto a salvare diverse aziende, soprattutto nel settore energia. Ma non era vietato dall’UE l’intervento diretto dello stato? Ah già che sbadati, le regole NON sono uguali per tutti
Di Ivana Pisciotta
Mano tesa del governo tedesco al settore energetico fortemente penalizzato dall’acuirsi delle tensioni con Mosca: l’esecutivo guidato da Scholz sta infatti valutando la possibilità di presentare nei prossimi giorni una legge che gli consentirebbe di assumere partecipazioni nelle società fortemente penalizzate dall’impennata del costo importato del gas, attraverso un’iniezione di capitale.
Ieri i prezzi europei del gas sono arrivati ai massimi da quasi 4 mesi. Al Ttf, è salito del 6,8% a 174 euro/mwh. Il ragionamento che sta facendo Berlino è che qualora le compagnie energetiche venissero nazionalizzate, passerebbero sotto il controllo delle autorità tedesche garantendo la continuità delle forniture.
Nei progetti dell’esecutivo, non è esclusa nemmeno l’ipotesi di porre le società energetiche sotto amministrazione fiduciaria nel caso in cui la sicurezza energetica del Paese venisse minacciata.
Il caso più emblematico della crisi è rappresentato da Uniper, società con sede a Dusseldorf che è considerato il maggiore importatore di gas russo in Germania: l’azienda è in grave difficoltà, addirittura a rischio di insolvenza, in quanto si trova a dover compensare la riduzione delle consegne di gas russo con costosi acquisti dell’ultimo minuto sul mercato globale.
Il punto è che private delle forniture di Gazprom, le aziende energetiche tedesche in generale sono costrette a procurarsi il gas sul mercato spot (praticamente un asta) a prezzi molto più alti. Tuttavia, non sono in grado di trasferire questi costi elevati ai loro clienti, la maggior parte dei quali riceve il gas con contratti a lungo termine che non possono essere rinegoziati.
Ma Berlino non ha intenzione di attivare una clausola che consenta alle società del gas di trasferire i prezzi ai consumatori: per questo, sono sul tavolo altre ipotesi. Tra queste, quella al momento più accreditata è quella di compiere un salvataggio secondo il modello Lufthansa: durante la pandemia, per venire incontro alla compagnia aerea in serie difficoltà, Berlino acquisì il 20% delle azioni garantendo un’iniezione di capitale di 9 miliardi di euro.
Lo Stato tedesco a quel punto assumerebbe partecipazioni in aziende in difficoltà “di infrastrutture critiche nel settore energetico”. Per quanto riguarda il comparto energetico, l’urgenza di intervenire è ancora più accentuata dal rischio di un razionamento del gas il prossimo inverno per i clienti industriali qualora la Germania non riuscisse a riempire in modo veloce gli impianti di stoccaggio del gas.
In realtà il settore energetico tedesco è in subbuglio da metà giugno, quando Gazprom, l’esportatore di gas controllato dallo Stato russo, ha ridotto del 60% il flusso di gas attraverso il gasdotto Nord Stream 1 sotto il Mar Baltico. L’11 e il 21 luglio il gasdotto verrà poi sottoposto a una manutenzione programmata ma molti nel governo temono che i flussi di gas non riprendano dopo il completamento delle riparazioni, a causa dell’inasprirsi della guerra economica tra Germania e Russia.
Tornando al caso di Uniper, la stessa società ha dichiarato di essere in trattativa con il governo per un salvataggio: i colloqui riguardano “misure di stabilizzazione” che potrebbero includere garanzie, un aumento dell’attuale linea di credito concessa all’inizio dell’anno dalla banca statale KfW o appunto l’assunzione di una partecipazione statale nella società.
Per gli analisti, ‘salvare’ Uniper costerebbe a Berlino circa 9 miliardi di euro, proprio come ha fatto con Lufthansa. (AGI.it)
L’economia trainante dell’europa è in forte crisi; il valore dell’euro nei confronti del dollaro in queste ore è tornato ai livelli del 2002, praticamente si inizia a parlare di parità. Manifestazioni e proteste dilagano in molti paesi europei, ormai l’esistenza dell’europa e dell’euro così come li abbiamo conosciuti in questi anni sono a forte rischio.
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