Di GERMANA CARILLO
A inizio settembre già 11 città italiane avevano superato la soglia dei 35 giorni nell’anno solare con una media di PM10 giornaliera superiore ai 50 microgrammi al metro cubo. Siamo ben oltre il limite previsto per le polveri sottili: il disastroso quadro che emerge dal dossier di Legambiente Mal’aria 2021 edizione speciale – I costi dell’immobilismo.
“Immobilismo”, proprio così, perché – stando ai dati – l’Italia resta ferma e, ancor di più, di fronte a un bivio: pagare una multa miliardaria per inadempienza alla Commissione Europea (tra 1,5 a 2,3 miliardi di euro), o agire in maniera urgente ed efficace per ridurre l’inquinamento delle nostre città.
Non tutti sanno, infatti, che il nostro Paese ha all’attivo tre procedure di infrazione con la Commissione, in territori dove la salute dei cittadini è stata messa ripetutamente a rischio per le elevate concentrazioni degli inquinanti atmosferici.
Dove si respira peggio?
Maglia nera a Verona e Venezia con 41 giorni di sforamenti, seguite da:
- Vicenza con 40
- Avellino e Brescia con 39
- Cremona e Treviso con 38
- Alessandria, Frosinone e Napoli con 37
- Modena con 36
Un numero che senza dubbio rischia di aumentare se si considera che Padova e Rovigo sfiorano il limite, registrando 35 giorni di sforamento al 6 settembre 2021, mentre la città di Torino ne registra 34. Vicine alla soglia critica sono Asti (con 33 giorni di sforamenti), Lodi e Reggio Emilia (32), Bergamo e Caserta (31) e Parma (30). Città che, secondo Legambiente, supereranno certamente i limiti nel prossimo autunno e nel corso dell’inverno.
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Nel dossier, Legambiente analizza le misure strutturali e straordinarie dichiarate, promesse e messe in atto dal Governo e dalle Regioni della Pianura Padana. Classifica nella quale “trionfa” la Regione Lombardia, con solo il 15% delle azioni completate.
E in questi giorni la Lombardia ottiene anche un altro triste primato: nel Regional Yearbook 2021 di Eurostat (che mette a confronto la situazione delle varie province e regioni dell’Unione europea su ogni aspetto della vita dei cittadini), infatti, si mostra che il numero medio di decessi settimanali in Lombardia è stato 2,5 volte più alto della media fra il 2016 e il 2019, un dato dovuto non solo alla prima ondata del Covid, ma anche al peso dell’inquinamento atmosferico.. Le province con l’esposizione più alta al particolato fine nel 2018 erano proprio in Lombardia, con Brescia (che è alla pari con Padova, in Veneto), con 24 microgrammi al metro cubo. E a seguire Lodi (22) e Pavia (20).
Tornando al rapporto di Legambiente, alla Lombardia segue la Regione Piemonte (con solo il 25% delle promesse mantenute). Si difendono con neanche il 40% dei compiti espletati il Veneto e l’Emilia-Romagna. Tra le promesse attese in autunno, le limitazioni alla circolazione nelle città dei vecchi diesel euro4: al momento, solo l’Emilia-Romagna sembra confermare lo stop.
E lo Stato? Beh, dallo Stato è stato invece promesso di decretare limiti di velocità più bassi sulle autostrade quando c’è inquinamento, come in tutti gli altri Paesi confinanti (Francia, Svizzera, Austria e Slovenia), ma ancora non è stato scritto nessun decreto. Abbiamo promesso, per evitare la multa, anche lo stop al carbone, al gasolio nel riscaldamento, la sospensione dei liquami in agricoltura, limiti alla circolazione dei camion inquinanti e la fine dei sussidi ai diesel: tutti disattesi.
Il blocco stagionale delle auto più inquinanti, i diesel euro4, era previsto il 1° ottobre 2020 e prorogato con la scusa del Covid19 – dice Andrea Poggio, responsabile mobilità sostenibile Legambiente. Al momento Lombardia, Piemonte e Veneto sembrano intenzionate a bloccarli. Per di più, siamo l’unico Paese dell’arco alpino che non limita la velocità sulle strade e le autostrade per inquinamento, ma Stato e Regioni sono tempestivi a distribuire incentivi per le stufe a legna inquinanti o per le auto a combustibili fossili, che inevitabilmente peggiorano la qualità dell’aria delle nostre città.
L’adozione di misure antismog già da ora potrebbe essere l’unico modo per evitare il superamento dei limiti giornalieri di polveri sottili durante l’autunno e l’inverno prossimi, concludono dall’associazione. Inoltre, la riduzione costante e progressiva degli inquinanti dovrà portare al loro dimezzamento (-55%) entro il prossimo decennio, in accordo con il Piano d’azione europeo “Verso l’inquinamento zero”.
QUI trovate il rapporto completo di Legambiente.
QUI trovate il rapporto completo di Eurostat.
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