Monica Nardone
Scoperta una sorella della Terra che si trova nella cosiddetta zona abitabile della sua stella, ossia alla distanza ideale per avere acqua liquida in superficie. Si chiama TOI 700 d, è distante 100 anni luce ed è stata scoperta dal nuovo cacciatore di pianeti Tess, della Nasa, lanciato nel 2018 e specializzato nell’individuare i pianeti osservando cali nella luminosità della stella causati dal loro passaggio.
Il risultato è stato annunciato a Honolulu, nel convegno della Società Astronomica Americana, dal gruppo dell’università di Chicago guidato da Emily Gilbert. Alla ricerca partecipano gli italiani Giovanni Covone, astrofisico dell’università Federico II di Napoli e associato dell’Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (Inaf) e Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Infn), e Luca Cacciapuoti, sempre della Federico II.
“Questo risultato è molto importante per Tess perché è il primo pianeta simile alla Terra scoperto da questo telescopio spaziale”, ha detto Covone all’ANSA. Il prossimo passo, ha aggiunto, sarà verificare se il pianeta ha un’atmosfera e, la composizione chimica. “Cercheremo soprattutto tracce di ossigeno e acqua, prime indicazioni importanti dell’eventuale presenza di forme di vita”, ha osservato l’esperto.
Intorno alla stella TOI 700, che è una nana rossa la cui massa è circa la metà di quella del Sole, Tess ha scoperto tre pianeti. Di questi il più affascinante è TOI 700 d, che ha una massa del 20% maggiore di quella della Terra, ha un anno lungo 37 giorni e ha temperature miti in superficie perché riceve dalla sua stella l’86% dell’energia che la Terra riceve dal Sole. Altra caratteristica che lo rende simile alla Terra è la tranquillità della sua stella, che in 11 mesi di osservazioni non ha mostrato segni di eruzioni.
Il pianeta rivolge sempre la stessa faccia alla sua stella, ma questo potrebbe non essere un limite per la sua capacità di ospitare la vita. Tuttavia, rileva Covone, “bisogna vedere che tipo di vita si potrebbe formare su un pianeta senza l’alternanza di giorno e notte, per questo TOI 700 d sarà un bel laboratorio per l’astrobiologia”.
La scoperta è stata confermata dal gruppo coordinato da Joseph Rodriguez, del Centro americano Harvard-Smithsonian, grazie alle osservazioni del telescopio spaziale Spitzer della Nasa, mentre il gruppo di Gabrielle Englemann-Suissa, dell’americana Universities Space Research Association, ha tracciato l’identikit del pianeta con delle simulazioni. In una di esse TOI 700 d è un mondo coperto di acqua con un’atmosfera dominata dalla CO2, mentre in un’altra è secco e senza nuvole. “Sono due ipotesi alternative su cui è difficile scommettere ma – conclude Covone – simulazioni come queste sono utili per capire cosa dobbiamo aspettarci quando andremo a osservare il pianeta in modo diretto”.
Fonte: Ansa
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