È da oggi ufficialmente una legge della Russia il provvedimento denominato ufficiosamente “Internet Sovrano”, firmato da Vladimir Putin lo scorso anno e destinato all’entrata a pieno regime nel corso dell’anno 2020. La legge, fortemente voluta dalla Presidenza e da gran parte del Parlamento della Federazione Russa, rappresenta l’avanguardia del fenomeno, ancora agli albori, del cosiddetto sovranismo digitale. Per l’inizio dell’anno 2021, secondo la legge emanata oggi, l’Agenzia Federale per la Supervisione delle Comunicazioni, la celebre Roskomnadzor, dovrà aver ultimato i lavori per la creazione di un nuovo domain name system completamente realizzato, registrato e basato all’interno dei confini della Federazione Russa.
Quest’ultimo fatto, che potrà dire relativamente poco ai non addetti ai lavori, costituisce in realtà un vero e proprio momento spartiacque tra ciò che Internet è stato fino ad ora e ciò che sarà nel futuro da oggi in poi. Attraverso il nuovo domain name system, infatti, Roskomnadzor andrà ad avocarsi una funzione precedentemente nelle esclusive mani di ICANN, ovvero la tentacolare ma poco conosciuta organizzazione no-profit demandata alla gestione multilivello di quella che costituisce la piattaforma mondiale di Internet. ICANN, fondata nel 1998, ha la sua sede centrale a Los Angeles, ed ha agito sotto piena supervisione del governo degli Stati Uniti d’America fino al 1° Ottobre 2016, che la esercitava tramite il suo United States Department of Commerce, il Ministero del Commercio di Washington D.C.
Nonostante ICANN sia oggi nominalmente indipendente, ed abbia nel suo Governmental Advisory Committee rappresentanti dei governi sia di Mosca sia di Pechino, essa continua ad agire sotto una pesante tutela informale del governo americano, sebbene non sia stato più rinnovato il contratto, rinnovato ogni quinquennio, che fino a tre anni fa legava a doppio filo l’organizzazione alle strutture federali di Washington. Da sottolineare, tra le altre cose, come a desiderare la continuazione del controllo diretto dello Stato su ICANN, dichiarandosi contrario ad ogni liberalizzazione del servizio, fosse proprio Donald Trump, all’epoca ancora semplice candidato alla Presidenza. In seguito al raffreddamento dei rapporti russo-americani in corso da oltre un decennio, Vladimir Putin ha comunque deciso di disconnettere la Russia dalla rete Internet, per basare l’intero suo traffico nazionale su una rete autarchica, ribattezzata RuNet. Cosa significherà tutto questo? Non sarà dunque più possibile connettersi a siti russi se si è connessi dall’esterno dei confini della Federazione? Le autorità russe rassicurano: niente di tutto ciò è vero. RuNet, infatti, rimarrà interconnesso alla rete Internet di ICANN, ma tutti i provider russi dovranno traslare le proprie attività sulla piattaforma messa in essere da Roskomnadzor, ponendoli sostanzialmente parte di un “circuito separato” che li renderà virtualmente inattaccabili da qualsiasi offensiva telematica proveniente dalla galassia ICANN, in modo da proteggere i servizi essenziali della Russia (circuiti ospedalieri, reti bancarie, archivi statali ecc.) in caso di attacchi informatici provenienti da qualsiasi paese estero. Nessuna censura, quindi, sui contenuti fruibili da e verso la Russia, anche se per tutelarsi dalla diffusione di contenuti anti-governativi o terroristici – si pensi ad esempio ai siti internet jihadisti registrati nel mondo arabo ma accessibili dal Caucaso russo – la nuova legge prevede alcuni sistemi di filtrazione attivabili secondo necessità.
Fonte: progettoprometeo.it
Fonte foto: Wired
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