di Salvo Vitale
Primo Maggio, festa dei Lavoratori. Quest’anno, come per il 25 aprile, niente festa, causa virus, ma la storia è sempre lì e non si cancella. A partire dal 1889, quando questo giorno venne istituito nel ricordo di alcuni anarchici uccisi nell’Illinois, questa data è diventata in tutto il mondo l’occasione per ricordare e portare avanti i problemi, le lotte e i diritti di tutti coloro che attraverso il loro lavoro danno il proprio contributo per migliorare la società e le condizioni di tutti gli uomini, riuscendo quasi sempre a migliorare quella dei padroni che li pagano. Negli anni più recenti, in Italia è stata l’occasione per organizzare, da parte dei tre sindacati confederali, il concertone del primo maggio, con la partecipazione dei gruppi musicali più importanti del momento. Non ci sarà neanche questo.
Per i siciliani la festa assume un significato particolare in quanto è legata al ricordo della strage di Portella della Ginestra, nel corso della quale vennero uccise sul posto undici persone, otto adulti e tre bambini, e altre tre, ferite, morirono subito dopo. I feriti furono 27. Nei giorni e nei mesi successivi vennero presi d’assalto diverse sedi del Partito Comunista e della Camera del Lavoro, e fu sistematicamente portata avanti una strage di lavoratori e sindacalisti, con l’obiettivo di fermare l’avanzata delle sinistre in Sicilia, dopo le elezioni del 20 aprile 1947 che avevano visto la vittoria della lista socialcomunista Blocco del popolo. Il Fascismo aveva spostato questa festa al 21 aprile, Natale di Roma, ma finita la guerra, era stata ripristinata, nel 1947, la data del 1º maggio.
Quel giorno circa duemila i lavoratori di Piana degli Albanesi, di San Giuseppe Jato, San Cipirello, e altri paesi vicini, quasi tutti contadini, erano tornati nel luogo originario della festa, a Portella della Ginestra, una località montana del comune di Piana degli Albanesi, nella vallata circoscritta dai monti Kumeta, Maja e Pelavet, a pochi km da Palermo, per manifestare contro il latifondismo, chiedere l’assegnazione delle terre incolte, secondo una legge dello stato, i decreti Gullo, e per festeggiare la recente vittoria del Blocco del Popolo. La strage venne organizzata dalla banda di Salvatore Giuliano, ma i mandanti non sono mai stati individuati. Il rapporto dei carabinieri sulla strage, compilato mesi dopo, faceva chiaramente riferimento a “elementi reazionari in combutta con i mafiosi”. Giuliano fu una pedina all’interno di una macchinazione molto più complessa di quello che egli stesso poteva immaginare, dietro cui stavano gli interessi dei grandi proprietari terrieri, della mafia e dei servizi segreti americani, preoccupati dall’avanzare del comunismo in Sicilia, assieme a parecchi esponenti fascisti che gli americani avevano inserito nei loro servizi come collaborazionisti.
Lo storico Giuseppe Casarrubbea, figlio di uno dei sindacalisti uccisi nel 1947 (Partinico 22 giugno), dopo un attento esame dei documenti americani desecretati dell’OSS e del CIC (sigle dei servizi segreti americani), è arrivato alla conclusione che a Portella della Ginestra spararono anche dei lanciagranate in dotazione alla Xª Flottiglia MAS di Junio Valerio Borghese, cooptata dai servizi segreti USA. I manifestanti si trovarono quindi sotto il tiro e la sorveglianza della banda Giuliano, dei mafiosi di San Giuseppe e Sancipirello e dei fascisti di Borghese. Le successive ricostruzioni hanno cercato di dimostrare, senza grandi risultati, che Giuliano avrebbe sparato per spaventare i dimostranti, ma che, poco più avanti a lui avrebbe sparato direttamente sui manifestanti Salvatore Ferreri, detto Fra Diavolo, uno dei componenti della banda, nella quale era stato infiltrato, assieme ai suoi uomini, da Ettore Messana, capo della polizia in Sicilia.
Al processo di Viterbo il bandito Pisciotta, dichiarò di avere ucciso auccessivamente Salvatore Giuliano e fece i nomi dei deputati monarchici Giovanni Alliata Di Montereale, Tommaso Leone Marchesano, Giacomo Cusumano Geloso, e quelli dei democristiani Bernardo Mattarella e Mario Scelba, accusandoli di essersi incontrati con il bandito Giuliano per pianificare la strage, ma tuttavia la Corte dichiarò infondate tali accuse di Pisciotta poiché il bandito aveva fornito nove diverse versioni sui mandanti politici della strage. Ancora oggi un velo di mistero grava su quella che Giuseppe Casarrubbea ha definito “una strage di stato”, la prima di una serie infinita di altre stragi che da allora in poi hanno segnato la storia della Repubblica Italiana. Come scrive Carlo Ruta “ Nel pianoro di Portella venne forgiato infatti un peculiare concetto della politica che giunge in sostanza sino a noi.»
Queste sono le undici vittime, così come riportate dalla pietra incisa posta sul luogo del massacro: Margherita Clesceri (47 anni), Giorgio Cusenza (42 anni), Giovanni Megna (18 anni), Francesco Vicari (23 anni), Vito Allotta (19 anni), Serafino Lascari (14 anni), Filippo Di Salvo (48 anni), Giuseppe Di Maggio (12 anni), Castrense Intravaia (29 anni), Giovanni Grifò (12 anni),Vincenzina La Fata (8 anni). Su quel pianoro è rimasto, soffocato nel sangue, il sogno dei Siciliani di potere vivere in una Sicilia migliore.
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