Di Aaron Pettinari
I pm: “Andava chiuso al traffico”. Si va verso il rinvio a giudizio
Il ponte Morandi di Genova “andava interdetto subito al traffico”, almeno da quando Antonio Brencich, docente universitario membro esterno del Comitato tecnico che, a febbraio 2018, aveva vagliato il progetto di rinforzo delle pile 9 (quella crollata) e 10. In una comunicazione informale, aveva evidenziato le criticità del viadotto con parole chiare, riferendo di “uno stato di degrado… impressionante, addirittura con la rottura di alcuni cavi metallici degli stralli”. E poi ancora parlando di uno “stato generale di degrado del calcestruzzo e delle armature dell’impalcato”, “un pessimo stato di conservazione” e “una incredibile pessima prestazione del manufatto”.
Secondo i magistrati (i pm Massimo Terrile e Walter Cotugno, che insieme all’aggiunto Paolo D’Ovidio hanno chiuso le indagini sul crollo del viadotto che il 14 agosto 2018 causò la morte di 43 persone) avrebbe dovuto essere fornita immediatamente agli organi pubblici di sorveglianza “affinché quella situazione di evidente rischio fosse resa pubblica e il transito veicolare fosse immediatamente interdetto”.
Le indagini di questi anni non sono state semplici. A finire nel registro degli indagati ben 69 persone oltre le due società, Aspi e Spea, la controllata che si occupava delle manutenzioni.
Ma non c’è solo questo nelle 2mila pagine stilate dai magistrati della Procura di Genova. Nell’atto d’accusa si evidenzia come “tra l’inaugurazione del 1967 e il crollo, per ben 51 anni, non è stato eseguito il benché minimo intervento manutentivo di rinforzo sugli stralli della pila 9 (quella collassata, ndr)”.
I pm hanno ricostruito tutta la “vita” dell’infrastruttura: la prima è quella in cui il ponte era gestito da un concessionario pubblico; la seconda quando la gestione è stata affidata ad Autostrade del gruppo Benetton.
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Spiegano i magistrati che “nei 36 anni e 8 mesi dal 1982 al crollo, gli interventi di natura strutturale eseguiti sull’intero viadotto Polcevera avevano avuto un costo complessivo di 24.578.604 euro, di questi 24.090.476, cioè il 98,01%, spesi quando il concessionario era pubblico e solo 488.128, cioè l’1,99%, dal concessionario privato; la spesa media annua del concessionario pubblico era stata di 1.338149 euro (3.665 al giorno), quella del concessionario privato di 26.149 (71 al giorno) con un decremento pari al 98,05%”.
Numeri e percentuali che dimostrano, per gli inquirenti, l’incuria del viadotto. Incuria che non è “giustificabile con l’insufficienza delle risorse finanziarie necessarie, dal momento che Autostrade aveva chiuso tutti i bilanci dal 1999 al 2005 in forte attivo (con utili compresi tra 220 e 528 milioni di euro) e che, tra il 2006 e il 2017, l’ammontare degli utili conseguiti da Aspi è variato da un minimo di 586 a un massimo di 969, distribuiti agli azionisti in una percentuale media attorno all’80%, e sino al 100%”.
Perché, dunque, è stato possibile tutto ciò? Perché una tale inerzia? Semplice: avidità. Le manutenzioni venivano evitate allo scopo di contenere i costi e aumentare i profitti.
Ed è in base a questa ricostruzione che dirigenti manager e tecnici di Autostrade per l’Italia (Aspi), di Spea, cioè la controllata che si occupava delle ispezioni e del monitoraggio della struttura, e del Ministero delle Infrastrutture, che avrebbe dovuto vigilare sulla gestione, sono finiti sotto inchiesta.
Agli indagati (tra cui compare l’ex di Aspi Giovanni Castellucci, il suo numero due Paolo Berti, il responsabile delle manutenzioni Michele Donferri, l’ex ad di Spea Antonino Galatà e, per il Ministero, il responsabile della Direzione di vigilanza Vincenzo Cinelli, il suo predecessore Mauro Coletta e il responsabile della vigilanza tecnica Bruno Santoro) e alle due società sono stati notificati ieri gli avvisi di conclusioni delle indagini preliminari. E’ il preludio alla richiesta di rinvio a giudizio, prevista entro l’estate.
Certo è che ciò che è avvenuto è grave. Dalle indagini della finanza è emerso che anche i dirigenti del ministero delle Infrastrutture, avrebbero omesso qualsiasi tipo di sorveglianza. “Non procedevano – scrivono i pm – ad ispezioni e controlli diretti ma neppure richiedevano alla società concessionaria informazioni e documentazioni concernenti i lavori eseguiti e le condizioni dell’opera”.
In conseguenza “di questa totale ignoranza – si legge nelle carte – volontariamente perseguita, delle condizioni dell’infrastruttura più importante, complessa e fragile dell’intera rete autostradale, omettevano di adoperarsi affinché fossero rilevate e contestate alla società le sistematiche violazioni delle norme”.
Ed è emerso che non solo Brencich si era reso conto dello “stato dell’arte” della struttura. Anche Michele Donferri Mitelli, ex responsabile delle manutenzioni di Aspi, in un convegno in Cina anni prima di quella segnalazione aveva parlato dello stato di ammaloramento del viadotto.
Adesso i familiari delle vittime, e tutti gli italiani onesti, chiedono un processo rapido: “Oggi abbiamo aggiunto un pezzo al nostro calvario – ha detto Egle Possetti, presidente del comitato vittime del Ponte – La classe politica faccia una riflessione sulla revoca della concessione ad Autostrade”. E questo governo, sul punto, dovrebbe prendere una decisione rapida, senza se e senza ma.
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