Pompei, ancora una volta, da brividi: riaffiora incredibilmente intatto un Termopolio nella Regio V, completo di decorazioni e attrezzature. Con colori ancora straordinariamente brillanti e utensili integri, la scoperta è stata annunciata dal Ministero dei Beni Culturali e dal sito ufficiale degli scavi di Pompei.
Non si stanca veramente mai di incantare il mondo lo scavo archeologico forse più famoso, quello di Pompei, antica città sepolta dall’eruzione del Vesuvio del 79 d.C.. A seguito di lavori iniziati già nel 2019, riemerge ora in tutto il suo splendore il Termopolio della Regio V, una sorta di “snack bar” dell’epoca, completo di affreschi e utensili.
Come spiega Pompeii Sites, la struttura commerciale era stata studiata solo in parte nel 2019, durante gli interventi del Grande Progetto Pompei volti a stabilizzare e consolidare i fronti di scavo storici. Solo ora di scopre però il Termopolio praticamente intatto.
E dunque, vista l’eccezionalità delle decorazioni, si è deciso di ampliare il progetto e completare lo scavo del intera area, con l’obiettivo di ripristinare l’assetto completo del “ristorante”, che si trova nello spiazzo tra Vicolo delle Nozze d’Argento e Vicolo dei Balconi.
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I lavori avevano già portato alla luce una cisterna, una fontana e una torre dell’acqua, tutte situate a poca distanza dalla bottega che presenta il famoso affresco dei gladiatori in combattimento, nella piazzetta antistante il Termopolio.
Alcune decorazioni erano state già ritrovate, tra le quali quella di una Nereide che cavalca un cavalluccio marino in ambiente marinaro sul fronte e un’illustrazione che probabilmente apparteneva al negozio stesso, come una sorta di marchio di fabbrica.
Ma ora anche l’ultima sezione del bancone ha rivelato altre squisite scene di natura morta, con raffigurazioni di animali che qui venivano probabilmente macellati e venduti. Frammenti ossei appartenenti agli stessi animali sono stati rinvenuti anche all’interno di contenitori incassati nel bancone, che contenevano derrate alimentari destinate alla vendita, come nel caso delle due anatre domestiche capovolte, pronte per essere cucinate e mangiate, un gallo e un cane al guinzaglio, probabilmente un vero e proprio Cave Canem, ‘Attenti al cane’.
“Oltre ad essere un altro spaccato della vita quotidiana di Pompei, le possibilità di studio di questo Termopolio sono eccezionali, perché per la prima volta un’area di questo tipo è stata scavata nella sua interezza, ed è stato possibile effettuare tutte le analisi che la tecnologia odierna permette – spiega Massimo Osanna, Direttore Generale ad Interim del Parco Archeologico di Pompei – I materiali scoperti sono stati infatti scavati e studiati sotto tutti i punti di vista da un team interdisciplinare composto da professionisti del settore di antropologia fisica, archeologia, archeobotanica, archeozoologia, geologia e vulcanologia. I reperti verranno ulteriormente analizzati in laboratorio, e in particolare si prevede che i resti rinvenuti nei dolia (contenitori di terracotta) del banco forniscano dati eccezionali per far capire cosa veniva venduto e com’era la dieta”.
Molto di più dunque di una curiosità archeologia: la scoperta promette di essere una via per una conoscenza più approfondita della vita dell’epoca (siamo nel I secolo d.C.).
I resti di esseri umani e animali
Gli scavi hanno portato alla luce anche ossa umane, anche se trovate purtroppo disperse a causa delle gallerie scavate nel XVII secolo da scavi illegali alla ricerca di oggetti preziosi. Diversi frammenti, come confermano le prime analisi, appartengono a un individuo di almeno cinquant’anni, che, nel momento in cui è stato raggiunto dalle ceneri e dai lapilli, molto probabilmente si trovava in un giaciglio, come testimonia lo spazio riservato per riporlo e una serie di chiodi e residui di legno trovati sotto il corpo.
Altre ossa, ancora da indagare, appartengono invece ad un altro individuo, e sono state trovate all’interno di un grande dolium, forse dove furono collocate dai primi scavatori.
Lo scheletro completo di un cane è stato inoltre trovato nell’angolo tra le due porte del Termopolio (nell’angolo nord-occidentale della stanza). Non era un cane grande e muscoloso come quello raffigurato sul bancone, ma un esemplare estremamente piccolo, alto circa 20-25cm al garrese nonostante fosse un cane adulto. Anche se piuttosto rari, cani di taglia così piccola indicano che anche in epoca romana veniva praticata la selezione intenzionale. Inutile dirlo ormai, aspettiamo da Pompei ancora altre incredibili scoperte.
Fonte: GreenMe, Pompeii Sites / Ministero dei Beni Culturali / Pompeii Sites / Pompeii Sites/Youtube
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