La temperatura rilevata in una base argentina della Penisola Antartica giovedì 6 febbraio è la più alta registrata nelle terre continentali, isole escluse. Il precedente record era di 17,5 gradi, misurati il 24 marzo 2015. Gli scienziati osservano preoccupati il ghiacciaio Thwaites, grande quasi come la Gran Bretagna.
STAZIONE scientifica di Base Esperanza, Antartide (Penisola Antartica, Argentina), giovedì 6 febbraio, ore 12, temperatura 18,3 gradi. E’ stato il giorno più caldo nella zona, ha annunciato il servizio meteorologico nazionale del Paese sudamericano, un triste record per l’estrema terra meridionale del globo. Il record precedente era di 17,5 gradi, misurati il 24 marzo 2015. Alla base di Marambio, un’altra stazione scientifica, la temperatura ha raggiunto i 14,1 gradi, record del mese di febbraio dal 1971. Il record precedente era di 13,8 gradi, toccato il 24 febbraio 2013.
Che si trattasse di record assoluto per i territori continentali (Continente Antartico) del Polo Sud è stato poi confermato dall’Organizzazione meteorologica mondiale, dalla portavoce Clare Nullis. Il riscontro è il più caldo da quando esistono rilevazioni scientifiche, per la suddetta base dal 1961. Un dato per ora ufficioso, in attesa delle verifiche di un comitato di studiosi della stessa OMM. Il record assoluto della Regione Antartica appartiene invece all’isola di Signy, che si trova attorno al 60mo parallelo Sud, qualche centinaio di chilometri e 3 gradi di latitudine a Nord-Est della base argentina: 19,8 gradi, rilevati nel marzo 1982.
Queste temperature in Antartide (dove siamo in estate) sono “certamente scioccanti ma purtroppo non sorprendenti, visto che l’Antartide si sta riscaldando insieme al resto del nostro pianeta”, ha commentato Frida Bengtsson, specialista dell’ambiente marino di Greenpeace. Dopo un decennio record, che si è concluso con il 2019 secondo anno più caldo mai registrato sul pianeta, il 2020 inizia sulla stessa falsariga con il gennaio mese più caldo mai registrato. Come diretta conseguenza dell’aumento delle temperature dovuto alle attività umane, le due calotte glaciali del mondo, in Antartide e Groenlandia, hanno già perso una media di 430 miliardi di tonnellate all’anno dal 2006, innalzando di conseguenza il livello del mare. E il futuro delle regioni costiere e dei loro milioni di abitanti dipende dalla massa di ghiaccio che ricopre l’Antartide occidentale.
Secondo gli esperti climatici dell’Onu (Ipcc), il livello del mare è salito di 15 centimetri nel ventesimo secolo. Il ritmo sta accelerando e il livello del mare continuerà a salire per i secoli a venire. In Antartide gli scienziati stanno osservando il ghiacciaio Thwaites, uno dei più massicci della parte occidentale del continente. Ha quasi le dimensioni della Gran Bretagna, il suo crollo potrebbe innalzare il livello del mare di ben 65 cm, avverte l’International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC), che è attualmente sul posto per cercare di comprendere quanto velocemente questo potrebbe accadere. “Negli ultimi 30 anni, la quantità di ghiaccio che si scioglie dal ghiacciaio Thwaites e dai ghiacciai vicini è quasi raddoppiata”, dicono gli scienziati. Il ghiacciaio da solo è responsabile del 4% dell’innalzamento globale del livello del mare, aggiunge la collaborazione. L’Argentina è presente da 114 anni in Antartide, dove ha diverse basi scientifiche. È firmataria del Trattato Antartico, entrato in vigore nel giugno 1961, che vieta qualsiasi militarizzazione del continente, riservandola “solo ad attività pacifiche”.
Fonte: La Repubblica
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