Di Rosita Cipolla
La perdita di ghiaccio in Groenlandia e in Antartide sta provocando una deformazione a livello della crosta terrestre: la scoperta in uno studio rivoluzionario condotto dai ricercatori dell’Università di Harvard
Le conseguenze dello scioglimento dei ghiacciai sono note ormai a tutte, a partire dall’innalzamento del livello dei mari. Ma c’è un “effetto collaterale” del fenomeno, che è stato appena scoperto da un team di scienziati dell’Università di Harvard, nel Massachusetts. Quale? La progressiva deformazione della crosta terrestre, anche a mille chilometri di distanza rispetto al punto in cui si verifica la perdita di ghiaccio.
Nello studio, pubblicato sulla prestigiosa rivista scientifica Geophysical Research Letters, i ricercatori guidati dalla dottoressa Sophie Coulson descrivono come lo scioglimento del ghiaccio dalla Groenlandia e in Antartide abbia provocato “lo spostamento orizzontale del terreno” in gran parte dell’emisfero settentrionale tra il 2003 e il 2018.
I dettagli dello studio
Il tema di scienziati del Massachusetts ha analizzato gli effetti dello scioglimento dei ghiacciai in Groenlandia e in Antartide, a partire dall’inizio del 21° secolo. Per avere un quadro completo della situazione hanno combinato diversi dati e immagini forniti dai satelliti, facendo anche una serie di previsioni future.
Secondo quanto emerso dal monitoraggio, il suolo si è sollevato fino a 0,3 millimetri all’anno in alcune aree del Canada e degli Stati Uniti.
Le previsioni del movimento orizzontale mostrano variazioni significative di anno in anno in magnitudo e direzione – annunciano gli scienziati – Negli anni di massima perdita di massa di ghiaccio, i movimenti tangenziali in tutto il Nord America possono raggiungere anche i 0,15 mm/anno (esclusa l’area che circonda direttamente i ghiacciai dell’Alaska). Nel Sud America, invece, i movimenti orizzontali previsti sono caratterizzati da uno schema a raggi localizzato e diretto verso l’esterno (tipico del sollevamento post-glaciale), mentre sia in Alaska che in Himalaya, lo schema del movimento orizzontale riflette le più complesse geometrie di perdita di massa di ghiaccio in queste regioni.
E in anni di elevata perdita di massa di ghiaccio, i tassi di sollevamento della crosta terrestre nel Canada settentrionale e in Scandinavia raggiungono picchi rispettivamente di 0,9 e 0,7 mm/anno. E questi tassi sono più del doppio rispetto a quelli previsti in periodi di bassa perdita di massa di ghiaccio in Groenlandia.
Questo studio mostra che, anziché essere localizzato solo in regioni dove avviene la perdita di ghiaccio, – spiegano gli scienziati – lo scioglimento della calotta glaciale della Groenlandia e dei ghiacciai artici ha provocato una significativa deformazione orizzontale e verticale della crosta che si estende su gran parte dell’emisfero settentrionale. La ridistribuzione della massa tra i continenti e gli oceani determina una deformazione crostale significativa e variabile nel tempo.
Quello appena condotto è soltanto il primo studio che mostra chiaramente gli effetti dello scioglimento dei ghiacciai (provocati dalla crisi climatica) sulla crosta terrestre, quindi a livello orizzontale. Tuttavia, secondo i ricercatori statunitensi, sono necessari ulteriori ricerche per approfondire la questione e fare previsioni più precise. Ciò che è certo è che il riscaldamento globale sta provocando una serie di conseguenze inquietanti sul nostro Pianeta e molte di queste non le conosciamo ancora.
Tratto da: GreenMe
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