di Manlio Dinucci – Il Manifesto 9 marzo 2021
L’Accordo Ue-Cina sugli investimenti, siglato il 30 dicembre dalla Commissione europea, potrebbe non essere ratificato dagli europarlamentari in base all’accusa che Pechino viola i diritti umani. È il paravento dietro cui si nasconde il vero motivo: la crescente pressione esercitata dagli Stati uniti sull’Europa per creare una coalizione contro la Cina.
La strategia di Washington – da Obama a Trump e ora a Biden – è quella del «contenimento» della Cina, la cui crescita mette in discussione l’ordine economico mondiale dominato finora dagli Stati uniti e dalle maggiori potenze occidentali.
Sono le multinazionali e altre imprese statunitensi ed europee che hanno delocalizzato da decenni gran parte delle loro produzioni in Cina, realizzando enormi profitti. La Cina non è rimasta però semplicemente la «fabbrica del mondo» in cui si va a produrre perché la manodopera costa meno. Ha realizzato un proprio sviluppo produttivo e tecnologico e, su tale base, progetti come la Nuova Via della Seta.
In fase avanzata di realizzazione, essa consiste in una rete viaria e ferroviaria tra la Cina e l’Europa attraverso l’Asia Centrale, il Medio Oriente e la Russia, abbinata a una via marittima attraverso l’Oceano Indiano, il Mar Rosso e il Mediterraneo. Per le infrastrutture viarie, ferroviarie e portuali in oltre 60 paesi sono previsti investimenti per oltre 1000 miliardi di dollari. In tale quadro, la Cina è divenuta il principale partner commerciale della Russia. Le relazioni economiche tra i due paesi si sono rafforzate, soprattutto dopo le sanzioni imposte da Stati uniti e Ue alla Russia, con un interscambio che ha superato i 100 miliardi di dollari annui ed è in crescita.
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L’interscambio tra Stati uniti e Cina resta sei volte maggiore. Ma, dato che molti prodotti sul mercato statunitense sono fabbricati in Cina da multinazionali Usa o forniti da società cinesi, gli Stati uniti registrano nel commercio bilaterale un deficit di oltre 300 miliardi di dollari annui. Si è verificato inoltre un crollo degli investimenti cinesi negli Usa a scopi produttivi, calati del 90% in tre anni (da 46,5 a 4,8 miliardi di dollari), mentre quelli statunitensi in Cina sono rimasti a circa 13 miliardi.
Allo stesso tempo la quota del debito statunitense di oltre 27.000 miliardi di dollari, posseduta dalla Cina, è diminuita dal 14% nel 2011 al 5% nel 2020. Ancora più grave per Washington è il fatto che la quota in dollari delle riserve valutarie cinesi è calata in quattro anni dal 79% al 59% e che la Cina cerca monete alternative al dollaro da usare nel commercio internazionale.
Non potendo arrestare tale processo che può mettere fine al predominio economico degli Stati uniti, Washington getta la spada sul piatto della bilancia. Il «contenimento» economico diventa «contenimento» militare.
L’ammiraglio Phil Davidson, che è a capo del Comando Indo-Pacifico degli Stati uniti (la cui area di responsabilità copre la Cina e altri 35 paesi), ha richiesto al Congresso oltre 27 miliardi di dollari in cinque anni per costruire attorno alla Cina una cortina di basi missilistiche e sistemi satellitari, compresa una costellazione di radar su piattaforme spaziali. «Dobbiamo cominciare ad affrontare la Cina da una posizione di forza», ha dichiarato al Senato Antony Blinken, segretario di Stato dell’amministrazione Biden. Alla Conferenza di Monaco sulla Sicurezza, il 19 febbraio, il segretario generale della Nato Stoltenberg ha ribadito: «Europa e Nord America devono difendere l’ordine internazionale, che Cina e Russia sfidano tentando di riscrivere le sue regole a beneficio dei propri interessi».
Dopo aver accusato la Russia di «comportamento destabilizzante», ha dichiarato che «l’ascesa della Cina è una questione determinante per la comunità transatlantica». Ha quindi annunciato un prossimo «aggiornamento del concetto strategico della Nato» perché «abbiamo bisogno di rafforzarci militarmente» insieme a «stretti partner come Australia e Giappone». Chiamata alle armi dunque per gli alleati degli Usa, non solo contro la Russia in Europa ma contro la Cina in Asia. Col risultato che Russia e Cina rafforzano la loro alleanza anche sul piano militare.
Tratto da: L’Antidiplomatico
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