I ricercatori dell’università del Maryland (con il pioniere delle ricerche sull’Aids Robert Gallo e l’italiano Davide Zella) insieme ad un’equipe del Campus Biomedico e dell’Area Science Park di Trieste, leggendo l’Rna lettera per lettera, hanno scoperto delle varianti che lo renderebbero potenzialmente più contagioso. La “colpa” è di un enzima essenziale per la replicazione del virus chiamato polimerasi Rna dipendente.
Come si legge su Repubblica, dopo aver analizzato 220 genomi del virus fra le migliaia sequenziate e pubblicate online dagli scienziati di tutto il mondo, i ricercatori italiani ed americani hanno puntato l’attenzione sulla mutazione dell’enzima della polimerasi. “Nel nostro database – come hanno scritto sulla rivista Journal of Translational Medicine – la prima comparsa di questa mutazione è del 9 febbraio in Gran Bretagna, quando un drammatico incremento dei pazienti infettati in Europa viene registrato dall’Oms”.
Questo cambiamento del genoma, oltre a rendere potenzialmente più contagioso il Covid, lo rende anche più instabile: è il materiale genetico del virus l’oggetto del cambiamento. I coronavirus, infatti, non possiedono il Dna ma una molecola simile, l’Rna. Cosa accade, quindi? In pratica, ogni volta che il genoma di un organismo si replica, avvengono degli “errori di trascrizione” come nel caso del ceppo europeo ed americano del Coronavirus (l’uno è il derivato dall’altro: il contagio negli Usa proviene soprattutto dall’Europa). A causa della mutazione del 9 febbraio, quindi, sembra avere un “correttore di bozze” particolarmente distratto che favorisce la proliferazione di copie un po’ diverse dall’originale.
“Il tasso di mutazione dei virus a Rna è molto alto, fino a un milione di volte più alto di quello dei loro ospiti: questo serve al virus per adattarsi, modulando la sua virulenza” scrivono gli scienziati. Circolando e replicandosi in un numero di individui così grande, come sta avvenendo oggi, le possibilità di mutazione non fanno che aumentare ulteriormente.
Se il Covid-19 continuasse a cambiare, anche di poco, i suoi connotati, c’è un rischio concreto che possa diventare irriconoscibile per la memoria del sistema immunitario nelle persone guarite o vaccinate o che impari a resistere ai farmaci, rendendo quindi inutili vaccini e terapie.
Tratto da: IlGiornale.it
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