Di Stefano Baudino
L’8 Ottobre 2019 ha segnato un passaggio molto inquietante per l’antimafia italiana e per tutti coloro che combattono per onorare, con i fatti, la memoria di Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino.
“L’Italia deve riformare la legge sull’ergastolo ostativo, che impedisce al condannato di usufruire di benefici sulla pena se non collabora con la giustizia”: così ha sentenziato la Corte Europea dei Diritti Umani. Ed è stato, purtroppo, un passaggio storico capovolgente.
L’ergastolo ostativo per i mafiosi, ovvero il carcere a vita senza la possibilitá di ottenere benefici penitenziari (previsto dall’articolo 4 bis dell’ordinamento penitenziario, inserito dopo le stragi di Capaci e Via d’Amelio), ha rappresentato probabilmente il più grande baluardo contro il rischio della ripresa effettiva di potere da parte dei boss mafiosi condannati all’ergastolo e a favore dell’irrobustimento delle indagini sulla criminalità organizzata.
Il motivo è molto semplice: l’unico modo di ottenere benefici penitenziari e di riuscire a sottrarsi al giogo perpetuo dell’ergastolo ostativo per un uomo d’onore che si trovi in questa situazione è stato, fino ad ora, quello di pentirsi e di collaborare con la giustizia, in modo tale da fornire un contributo alle indagini sulla mafia in qualità di ex membro dell’organizzazione e, dunque, di protagonista diretto o indiretto di condotte illecite e di legami con altri membri e/o concorrenti esterni alla compagine mafiosa.
Questa sentenza comporterà un duplice effetto su coloro che erano relegati all’ergastolo ostativo per reati di mafia. Essi infatti:
1) avranno la possibilità di ottenere misure alternative alla detenzione. Il forte rischio consiste nel fatto che lo scollamento tra la loro quotidianità detentiva e il substrato sociale in cui avevano operato come uomini d’onore risulti sempre più ridimensionato. In poche parole, essi potranno tornare a comandare in maniera molto più agevole.
2) saranno disincentivati a collaborare con la giustizia, in quanto questa scelta non costituirà più il passaggio obbligato al fine di ottenere benefici penitenziari. Ciò produrrà, dunque, un numero inferiore di pentiti e di potenziali spunti d’indagine in mano ai magistrati per contrastare il fenomeno mafioso.
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Dopo le sentenze su Bruno Contrada e Bernardo Provenzano, per la terza volta in pochissimi anni, la CEDU ha dimostrato di non avere alcuna dimestichezza con le logiche, di matrice Borselliniana e Falconiana, in tema di lotta alla criminalità organizzata (perlomeno di quel che ne rimane, dopo i pessimi provvedimenti approvati da governi di destra e di sinistra negli ultimi trent’anni che hanno cercato a più riprese di eroderle).
D’altronde basta leggere il papello di Totò Riina per capire che il primo obiettivo dei mafiosi sia sempre stato quello di provocare, anche grazie alle bombe del 1992 e 1993, la cancellazione del 41bis e del carcere ostativo.
La Corte costituzionale, nell’Ottobre 2019, sulla scia della pronuncia della CEDU, ha dichiarato l’illegittimità dell’articolo 4 bis e ha dunque aperto alla possibilità per gli ‘ergastolani ostativi’ di accedere a permessi premio nel corso della loro detenzione.
Marta Cartabia, che ha appena giurato come nuovo Ministro della Giustizia del Governo Draghi, era vicepresidente di quella Corte Costituzionale che ha prodotto questa pronuncia (ne sarebbe diventata Presidente meno di due mesi dopo). Essa è stata da lei così strenuamente difesa: “La dignità va intesa come incomprimibile possibilità di recupero, di riscatto, qualunque cosa sia accaduta prima, qualunque fatto sia stato commesso: qui è la dignità della persona […] quello che si tende a evitare è avere forme di esecuzione della pena improntate a rigidità, a fissità che non tengono conto di come il tempo della pena sia diverso per ciascun individuo”.
Nel Paese delle stragi, della trattativa Stato-mafia, dei boss di primissimo piano reclusi al 41-bis che ancora oggi lanciano dalle loro celle continui messaggi ricattatori agli uomini delle istituzioni, la domanda che ci poniamo è la seguente: che piani ha la neo-ministra della Giustizia per combattere le serie battaglie antimafia di cui questa Italia, sempre più genuflessa, avrebbe bisogno come il pane?
L’auspicio è che si voglia prendere esempio dai preziosi lasciti dei grandi uomini che hanno dato la vita per contrastare intelligentemente, sfruttando le sole strategie in grado di eroderne lo spazio d’azione, la criminalità organizzata. E non dalle campagne ‘garantiste’ di partiti, associazioni e organi di informazione che questa guerra (per ignoranza o per espressa volontà-necessità) l’hanno vissuta passivamente, prestando anzi a più riprese il proprio fianco al nemico.
Tratto da: Antimafiaduemila
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