L’assunzione di antibiotici nei primi anni di vita potrebbe portare a sviluppare disturbi cerebrali. A sostenere questa tesi, ancora tutta da approfondire, è un nuovo studio condotto da un team del Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine di Rutgers in New Jersey (Usa).
Che conseguenze ha l’assunzione di antibiotici in utero o dopo la nascita? Uno studio condotto negli Stati Uniti si è soffermato in particolare sui possibili effetti di questi medicinali sullo sviluppo cerebrale che, secondo i risultati ottenuti, potrebbe essere negativamente influenzato portando a disturbi nella tarda infanzia.
La ricerca, pubblicata sulla rivista iScience, suggerisce che la penicillina modifica il microbioma così come l’espressione genica in aree chiave del cervello in via di sviluppo. In seguito ai risultati ottenuti, gli autori ritengono che l’esposizione agli antibiotici nei primi anni di vita potrebbe alterare lo sviluppo del cervello umano nelle aree responsabili delle funzioni cognitive ed emotive.
La penicillina e i medicinali correlati (come l’ampicillina e l’amoxicillina) sono gli antibiotici più utilizzati nei bambini di tutto il mondo. E, in media, negli Stati Uniti ogni bambino assume quasi tre cicli di antibiotici prima dei 2 anni.
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Naturalmente non si mette in discussione l’utilità di questi medicinali ma i risultati suggeriscono di ridurre l’uso diffuso di antibiotici o di utilizzare alternative quando possibile per prevenire problemi di sviluppo neurologico.
Come ha dichiarato l’autore principale dello studio Martin Blaser, direttore del Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine di Rutgers:
Questo studio è preliminare, ma mostra una correlazione tra l’alterazione del microbioma e i cambiamenti nel cervello che dovrebbero essere ulteriormente esplorati.
Un numero crescente di prove collega quanto accade nel tratto intestinale a cambiamenti nel cervello, in quello che a livello scientifico è ormai conosciuto come “asse intestino-cervello“. Se questo percorso è disturbato si può arrivare ad un’alterazione permanente della struttura e della funzione cerebrale, il che potrebbe portare a disturbi neuropsichiatrici o neurodegenerativi nella tarda infanzia o nell’età adulta.
Come ha sottolineato il dottor Blaser:
La prima infanzia è un periodo critico per il neurosviluppo. Negli ultimi decenni, c’è stato un aumento dell’incidenza dei disturbi del neurosviluppo infantile, tra cui il disturbo dello spettro autistico, il disturbo da deficit di attenzione/iperattività e le difficoltà di apprendimento. Sebbene una maggiore consapevolezza e diagnosi siano probabilmente fattori che contribuiscono, anche le interruzioni dell’espressione genica cerebrale nelle prime fasi dello sviluppo potrebbero essere responsabili.
Specifichiamo però che si tratta di uno studio condotto su animali e dunque è più che mai importante approfondire il possibile rapporto tra effetti degli antibiotici e sviluppo cerebrale nella prima infanzia sugli esseri umani.
Fonti: iScience / Sci Tech Daily, GreenMe
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