Di Francesco Piccioni
Capitalismo e salvezza del pianeta sono in contraddizione feroce, anche se tanti “verdi realisti” – specie in Europa – si fanno in quattro per affermare l’idea che potrebbero convivere benissimo.
Le prove l’abbiamo avute proprio in questi giorni.
Quella fisica si è abbattuta sulla Germania, soprattutto, con piogge catastrofiche che hanno seminato decine di morti e centinaia di dispersi che, in casi come questo, difficilmente verranno ritrovati ancora in vita.
Quella più banalmente politica, o parolaia, è venuta invece dalle reazioni all’annuncio della presidente della Commissione Europea, Ursula von der Leyen, a proposito dell’intenzione di vietare nuove immatricolazioni di auto a benzina o diesel a partire dal 2035.
Quella che a prima vista sembra una decisione drastica, vista da vicino, appare comunque come un palliativo che non può fermare – se non in misura infinitesimale – la corsa verso il “punto di non ritorno” che un numero crescente di scienziati data ormai nell’arco di questo decennio.
Il divieto per i motori benzina e diesel dovrebbe infatti servire a raggiungere l’obbiettivo dell’”azzeramento delle emissioni nel 2050“.
A tale scopo, nel corso della presentazione del maxipiano sul clima FitFor55. che prevede la riduzione del 55% delle emissioni di Co2 entro il 2030, c’è la previsione di un aumento della tassazione sui combustibili fossili come la benzina e la contemporanea diminuzione delle imposte sull’elettricità. Un incentivo, insomma, per le auto elettriche e/o a idrogeno.
Come si vede, non c’è alcuna strategia complessiva mirata a riordinare la produzione e le fonti inquinanti, ma soltanto un’azione “bastone e carota” che coinvolge quasi solo il settore automotive (che comunque è stato il pivot dello sviluppo industriale per tutto il Novecento e finora), nella speranza che le imprese private possano realizzare autonomamente almeno parte del “disegno”.
La conferma arriva dall’altro pilastro della “strategia” della Commissione, ossia un “nuovo mercato della Co2” per il trasporto su gomma e per gli edifici e la creazione di un fondo sociale per clima di 70 miliardi in sette anni.
“Il principio chiave di questo cambiamento è semplice: le emissioni di Co2 devono avere un prezzo che incentivi i consumatori, i produttori, gli investitori a scegliere tecnologie pulite, sostenibili“.
E per questo “Un terzo di Next Generation Ue e del bilancio europeo sorreggeranno progetti sostenibili cosicché il settore privato potrà investire in obbligazioni verdi che renderanno anche il sistema finanziario più sostenibile“.
Nulla di nuovo e soprattutto di concretamente adeguato, proporzionato, alla crisi ambientale e climatica, tanto da far risuonare decisamente drammatica la constatazione fatta propria da von der Leyen – “Attualmente l’economia basata su combustibili fossili ha raggiunto i suoi limiti” – se messa a confronto con la pochezza del “progetto” messo in campo.
Tanto più drammatica, poi, davanti alla reazione del mondo imprenditoriale.
Acea, l’associazione europea dei costruttori auto, ha subito risposto che “Le case automobilistiche si impegnano a ridurre le emissioni a zero” perché “sostengono l’obiettivo della neutralità climatica entro il 2050 e investono miliardi di euro in tecnologie innovative e sostenibili“.
Ma al di fuori di queste chiacchiere, ritendgono che “vietare una singola tecnologia non è una soluzione razionale in questa fase, soprattutto quando l’Europa sta ancora lottando per creare le giuste condizioni abilitanti per i veicoli a propulsione alternativa“.
Sulla stessa linea, ovviamente anche Anfia, l’associazione italiana dei costruttori (Fiat/Stellantis e l’indotto), che esprime “sconcerto e forte preoccupazione. Pur consapevoli dell’importante ruolo che l’industria automotive può giocare nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi di decarbonizzazione del Green Deal europeo riteniamo che lo sforzo richiesto dall’attuale proposta non tenga in debito conto degli impatti industriali, economici e sociali di scelte così ambiziose e categoriche“.
In pratica, il “capitalismo reale” risponde di non essere in grado di cambiare ritmo e direzione di marcia. E comunque di non poterlo fare né rispetto ai “tempi lunghi” proposti dalla Commissione Europea, né – tantomeno – rispetto a quelli drastici imposti dalla natura.
Una sfida per l’umanità che richiede un altro modo di vivere e produrre, ma che ha ormai anche tutte le caratteristiche dell’urgenza più drammatica.
Tratto da: Contropiano
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