di Claudio Conti – Contropiano
Mettete insieme il marchionnismo e l’Unione Europea e avrete la fine di una compagnia di bandiera.
Come sapete, il tentativo in corso è quello di trasformare Alitalia in una piccola compagnia low cost (Ita) che nasce già morta sul piano commerciale. Pochi aerei (una cinquantina), poche rotte e quasi nessuna tra quelle più redditizie. Destino segnato, anche pagando i dipendenti una miseria.
Per riuscirci, il “governo dei migliori” non ha trovato di meglio che nominare come presidente della newco Alfredo Altavilla, ex braccio destro di Sergio Marchionne in Fiat, con esperienze successive nelle telecomunicazioni e nella farmaceutica.
Il neocon imprenditoriale ha dato subito segno di voler praticare quanto appreso da cotanto maestro, facendo persino un passo avanti. Non solo niente contratto nazionale ma uno ad hoc (come nel “modello Pomigliano”), ma anche nessuna assunzione garantita al personale della compagnia in liquidazione (fin qui la prassi, prevista dalla legge, prevedeva che i “nuovi assunti” fossero scelti tra i vecchi dipendenti, con criteri stabiliti con accordi tra le parti).
E quindi via all’assunzione di 2.800 persone attraverso l’applicazione di un “regolamento aziendale” autodeterminato dal presidente stesso, in barba a ogni regola, contratto o legge. In pratica, una scelta aziendale tra i quasi 30.000 curriculum arrivati da tutta Italia, anche di persone che ovviamente non hanno alcuna esperienza lavorativa nel settore aereo, oltre che di dipendenti di altre low cost che sognano uno stipendio migliore (Ita nasce in fondo per un intervento dello Stato, non per iniziativa privata).
Su questo la “trattativa” tra azienda – pubblica, al momento, ricordiamo – e sindacati non è mai decollata. Ieri è arrivata anche la rottura formale, e i lavoratori in assemblea sono andati a bloccare l’autostrada che collega Roma e l’aeroporto di Fiumicino.
Il presidente di Ita Altavilla ha espresso “il rincrescimento per l’impossibilità di arrivare a un accordo“, con i sindacati “motivata dal perdurare di pregiudiziali puramente formali che nulla hanno a che fare con il merito e la bontà del progetto relativo alla nascita di Ita e che rispecchiano consuetudini e linguaggi non più attuali“. Insomma: leggi e contratti non servono più, c’è la volontà del management e tanto deve bastare.
Alcune sigle professionali si sono comunque rese disponbili a firmare anche in queste condizioni (Anpac, Anpav, Anp e Fast-Confsal), mentre persino CgilCislUil hanno ritenuto che era un po’ troppo, per ora. Qui riportiamo la posizione dell’Usb, sindacato ormai storico, soprattutto tra gli assistenti di volo (erede del Sult).
Ma non bastava la rottura del tavolo…
Annunciata già in mattinata dal ministro leghista dello Sviluppo Economico, Giancarlo Giorgetti, è arrivata la bordata finale da parte della Commissione Europea (per ora con una anticipazione del Financial Times).
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Lo stesso Giorgetti precisava che l’”interessamento” europeo non era ristretto all’annosa polemica sugli “aiuti di stato” (di cui in questi ultimi anni si è fatto largo uso in tutta Europa, specie dopo l’inizio della pandemia), perché Bruxelles “ha posto come condizione la discontinuità non solo sui numeri ma anche nei contratti di lavoro“.
Insomma, la Ue pretende che le regole contrattuali di una compagnia aerea siano “in discontinuità” con quelle adottate in un paese membro…
“Le scelte degli amministratori sono scelte che avvengono entro questi dettami“, spiegava Giorgetti descrivendo la ben limitata “autonomia” del nuovo management. Tutto quel che possono decidere in proprio è “come raggiungere il risultato“, ossia l’economicità della compagnia. Quali voci tagliare insomma, come già avviene per il bilancio pubblico dei vari stati membri.
Ma la botta più forte è la richiesta di restituzione dei vari “prestiti ponte” che sono stati necessari per mantenere in vita Alitalia anche durante la pandemia: 900 milioni di euro, che metterebbero a terra Ita prima ancora di far decollare il primo aereo.
Si tratta dell’ultimo atto di una decisione strategica presa dalla Ue oltre 20 anni fa, quando “si convenne” (d’accordo con il governo italiano, allora presieduto da Romano Prodi) che il mercato europeo del trasporto aereo avrebbe dovuto ridursi a tre soli vettori principali (Air France, British Airways e Lufthansa), più una serie di low cost private impegnate sul corto raggio.
Le cose andarono poi come stabilito – Swiss Air finì a Lufthansa, Iberia a British Airway, Klm ad Air France, ecc – tranne che per Alitalia, che nel 2008 Berlusconi preferì far acquisire da “capitani coraggiosi” italiani (Cai, con Colaninno, Marcegaglia, Benetton, Riva – quello dell’ex Ilva! – ecc), nonostante fossero completamente digiuni in tema di business aereo.
Il terreno era stato scientificamente preparato per anni, con manager incaricati di distruggere la compagnia di bandiera, minandone la capacità operativa e dunque la possibilità di “rendere” economicamente. Per esempio, furono tagliate molte delle tratte intercontinentali (quelle più redditizie, anche perché non sottoposte alla concorrenza low cost), chiusa la manutenzione (che in precedenza era un fiore all’occhiello, lavorando anche per molte altre compagnie aeree).
Al prevedibile fallimento di Cai – Alitalia era in quel caso già stata completamente privatizzata – seguì l’ingresso di Etihad, che però seguì la stessa “strategia suicida” dei predecessori.
E’ così che si arriva a quest’ultimo atto, con da una parte gli emuli marchionneschi, dotati di ascia e “innovazione” contrattuale, dall’altra l’Unione Europea che vuol definitivamente chiudere la storia di una compagnia vissuta per decenni come un pericoloso concorrente per i tre “campioni europei”.
Tratto da: Antidiplomatico
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