Buonasera cari lettori! Oggi volevamo dare spazio ad una parte del report scritto dalla giornalista studentessa Andreina Sergi classe ’97, che ha voluto realizzare questo studio per far riflettere sul clima, sul riscaldamento globale e ricordare che più del 70 percento dei fiumi e dei laghi in Europa sono in un grave stato di siccità. Ci racconta degli animali in via di estinzione in tutto il mondo, e delle tonnellate di benzina, petrolio e gasolio che consumano gli aerei e le navi crociera per portare i turisti nell’Artico. Con questa inchiesta vuole far capire alle persone che bisogna cambiare rotta. Il consumismo sfrenato è la malattia del pianeta. Bisogna cambiare rotta. Nel ringraziarla per il lavoro fatto e per l’importanza delle tematiche trattate vi auguriamo una buona lettura.
UNA TERRA VUOTA
SCOMPARSI PER SEMPRE
Nessuna specie sopravvive fino all’infinito,
ma un gran numero di specie vegetali sono
state sterminate prematuramente con il
contributo dell’uomo, ci sono testimonianze
sicure che più tardi circa 10-12.000 anni fa
verso il Paleolitico, l’uomo si stava
diffondendo in tutto il continente
probabilmente il suo arrivo ebbe conseguenze
disastrose per la fauna locale.
L’INDIZIATO È L’UOMO
Alla fine dell’ultima glaciazione le praterie
dell’America settentrionale erano popolate da
numerose specie animali, fra cui il bradipo
gigante terricolo Mylodon. Questa
“megafauna” si estinse improvvisamente in
cui l’uomo arrivo’ sulla scena. Molti studiosi
sostengono che sia stato l’uomo a sterminarla,
animali lenti nei movimenti e tardi nei
riflessi, come il Mylodon non avevano
nessuna possibilità di sopravvivere di fronte
ad un super predatore come l’uomo.
L’UOMO È IL COLPEVOLE
Il Dodo era un uccello incapace di volare,
dalle dimensioni di un tacchino che viveva
nell’isola di Maurizio nell’Oceano Indiano. I
navigatori europei arrivati sull’isola
iniziarono a cacciarlo per cibarsene e ne
fecero strage, i pochi uccelli che sfuggirono ai
cacciatori furono vittime di cani e maiali
selvatici, l’ultimo esemplare mori’ nel 1680,e
oggi del Dodo abbiamo una testa a
Copenaghen ed un piede a Londra.
Nel corso dell’evoluzione le piante e gli
animali si sono adattati al loro specifico
Habitat, gli elementi che caratterizzano
questo ambiente sono il clima e la
vegetazione.Circa 300 anni fa una specie
arboree che si trovano sull’isola di Maurizio
cesso’ improvvisamente di riprodursi e oggi
rimangono solo alcuni esemplari, la ricerca
rivelo’ che il seme del frutto di questi alberi
germogliano soltanto se prima sono passati
attraverso il sistema digestivo del Dodo, un
uccello che si estinse verso la fine del 600’ in
seguito alla caccia intensa degli europei. Lo
sterminio diretto prodotto dal fucile ha anche
conseguenze indirette, ancora più vaste e
disastrose che derivano dalla distruzione
dell’Habitat. L’uomo pensa di avere
“conquistato” la natura, e di essersi reso
indipendente da essa, ma questo non è vero,
l’uomo è un’essere biologico, che ha necessità
biologiche. La società umana non puo’ fare a
meno della natura noi dipendiamo da altri
animali e piante che fanno parte del nostro
habitat, dalle balene alle tigri e dai batteri
microscopici. Nessuna specie puo’ distruggere
l’ambiente in cui vive senza subirne
conseguenze, per questa ragione l’uomo deve
salvaguardare l’ambiente proteggendo le
specie minacciate e gli Habitat in pericolo.
L’uomo ha accettato la responsabilità di
creare e non solo di conservare l’ambiente che
deve condividere con le altre specie. Da
distruttore deve trasformarsi in costruttore
solo se vorrà farlo, potrà rendere la terra
permanentemente abitabile dall’uomo stesso
e dalla specie nella quale in futuro l’uomo si
evolverà.
LISTA DI ANIMALI IN VIA DI
ESTINZIONE :
AMERICA SETTENTRIONALE:
Furetto dai piedi neri
Bisonte
Alligatore
Gru Urlatrice
AMERICA MERIDIONALE:
Scimmia di ragno Quetzal
Vigogna
Visisti Dorata
OCEANI
Dugongo
Tartaruga Verde
Balenottera Azzurra
Tonno dalle pinne azzurre
AFRICA
Gorilla
Ippopotamo Pigmeo
Ghepardo
OCEANIA
Verano di Komodo
Opossum Australiano
Strigope
Bandicoot coniglio
Parrocchetto Terragnolo
ASIA
Rinoceronte della Sonda
Orango
Panda
Tigre
Aquila delle scimmie
EUROPA
Gufo Reale
Aquila di mare
Lince
Regione artica
Lupo
Tricheco
Orso polare
AMBIENTI MINACCIATI
Il pericolo più grosso che minaccia la flora e la
fauna della terra è la distruzione
dell’ambiente naturale. È molto difficile che
una specie possa sopravvivere in un ambiente
diverso da quello di cui è adattata. Uno degli
habitat più densamente popolati è la foresta
pluviale, la quale attualmente vive distrutta
ad una velocità maggiore, nel maggior dei casi
vengono sostituite da piantagioni commerciali
tipo da alberi della stessa specie o da una
boscaglia che cresce su un terreno destinato
ad un’erosione.
TERRENI PALUDOSI IN FASE DI PROSCIUGAMENTO
Le paludi non sono solo già di se per sé
un’ambiente di vita, ma svolgono un compito
importante nel sistema idrologico: regolano la
velocità di flusso dei fiumi e alimentano la
falsa acquifera. Nonostante ciò, molti
acquitrini vengono prosciugati oppure
riempiti per le necessità dello sviluppo
edilizio. Il tentativo di trasformare le paludi in
terreno ha come risultato un’agricoltura a
basso rendimento a causa della povertà del
terreno.
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